Programmer



Fell 11 1958 J. J. oEsTRElcHER 2,823,370

PROGRANMER 16 Sheets-Sheet l Filed July 22, 1955 mmQ QQODMQ /NVE/VTOR JJ. ESTRE/CHER -BV /f ATTORNEY Feb.` 11, 1958 J. J. oEsTRExcHl-:R 2,823,370

PROGRAMMER Filed July 22, 1955 16 Sheets-Sheet 2 /N VEA/TOR J. J. OESTRE/CHER ATTORNE' Feb- 11, 1958 J. J. oEsTRExcHER 2,823,370

PROGRAMMER Filed July 22, 1955 16 Sheets-Sheet 3 hangin /Nl/ENTOR J. J. @wmf/CHER m. ...um

ATTORNEY Feb. 11, 1958 J. J. OESTREICHER 2,823,370

PROGRAMMER Filed July 22, 1955 16 Sheets-Sheet 4 /NVE/VTOR J. J. OESTRHCHER BV n ATTORNEY Feb. 1l, 1958 J. J. OESTREICHER 2,823,370

PROGRAMMER 16 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 22, 1955 kmh,

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/NVENTO/Q B nm ATTOPNEV Feb. 11, 1958 Filed July 22, 1955 UN/ TS J. J. OESTREICHER PROGRAMMER 16 Sheets-Sheet 6 /N VEN TOR, J. J. OESRE/CHER ATTO R/VEV 16 Sheets-Sheet 7 Feb. l1, 1958 J. J. or-:sTRExcHER PROGRAMMER Filed July 22, 1955 J. J. oESTRExcHER 2,823,370

PROGRAMA/IER 16 Sheets-Sheet 8 Feb. 11, 1958.

Filed July 22. 1955 ATTORNEY Feb. 11, 1958 J. J. oEs'rRl-:lcHER PROGRAMMER 16 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed July 22', 1955 /Nl/NTOR J.J. OESTREZCHER ATTORNEY J. J. oEsTRElcHER 2,823,370

PROGRAMMER Feb. 11, 1958 ATTORNEY Feb. 11, 1958 J. J. or-:sTREIcHER 2,823,370

PROGRAMMER Filed July 22, 1955 1e sheets-sheet 11 TIME SET UP C/RCU/T /NVE/VTOR y J. J. OIEZSTRE/CHE/P ATTORNEY Feb. 11, 1958 J. J. oEsTRElcHl-:R

PROGRAMMER 16 Sheets-$heet 12 Filed July 22, 1955 QG la hmm S mui@ SS /NI/ENTO'Q J. J. OESTRE/CHER BV Feb. 11, 1958 J. J. oEsTRElcHr-:R

PROGRAMMER 16 Sheets-Sheet 13 Filed July 22, 1955 J. J. OESTRE/CHER y ATTORNEY PROGRAMMER 16 Sheets-Sheet 14 Filed July 22, 1955 //VENTOR J. J. OESTRE/CHER NS A .RSS

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NQ @E A T TQQ/VE Y Feb. ll, 1958 J. J. OESTREXCHER PROGRAMMER Filed July 22, 1955 3.6 Sheets-Sheet 16 /NVENTOR J.J. OESTRE/CHER AITORNEV ce 2,823,5i`i@ Patented- Feb. 11, 1958 PROGRAMMER John I. Oestreicher, Roselle Park, N. J., assigner to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York,

. Y., a corporation of New York Application July 22, 1955, Serial No. 523,739

17 Claims. (Cl. 340-173) This invention relates to signal transmission systems, or programmers, which provide repeatedly or with desired changes in individual orders, a predetermined program of information.

In programmers of this type, it is necessary to provide apparatus for setting up a program, for changing the program once it has been set up, and for transmitting the program. Setting up and changing the program is generaliy a laborious and time-consuming project requiring either soldering operation or changing of mechanical linkages, and changing the program, moreover, often requites introducing an entire new program which incorporates the change. In addition to these diiculties, it is frequently necessary to transmit a rapidly varying program of information. For example, in the illustrative embodiment of the present invention, the transmitted information may change every one-tenth of a second. In order to provide such a rapidly varying program of information, the interval during which the orders are changed must be exceedingly short, or in the order of milliseconds. This requirement is complicated by the requirement for storing the program information for an indente time in order to be able to cyclically repeat the program if so required.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a programmer which may be rapidly set up, in which individual orders may be rapidly changed without: disturbing the others, and which can transmit a program of rapidly Varying information.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a programmer which supplies a predetermined program repeatedly or with desired changes iny individual order.

These objects are attained in a specific embodiment of the present invention wherein a telephone dial is utilized to rapidly set up the program and to makefindividual order changes. When an individual order in the program is to be stored, an order number, representing the order position in the program, is dialed. Thedial pulses are .sent to a counter which adds the pulses for each digit and which registers a coded representation thereof. The counter controls the operation of a translator relay network which supplies a decimal indication of the dialed digits, under control of an order set button, to an order position selector circuit. The order position selector circuit selects a bank of storage or memory components, which are individually associated with each order position of the selector circuit. After the bank of memory components has been selected, the program information for the order position is dialed and supplied to the selected bank of memory components. One of the items of program information that is supplied to the bank of memory components is the time that the order position interval is to terminate during the transmission ofthe program. The time registered in a bank of memory components, inv this manner determines when the other items of program information are to be automatically changed during the transmission of the program.

A feature of the present invention relates to apparatus for erasing any one of the program orders without disturbing the others. When a program order is to be erased the order number is dialed and the order set button operated to select the bank of memory components. By thereatter operating an erase button, the information registered in the storage circuit is removed. The new program information for the order position may thereafter be dialed and the new program information registered in the erased memory bank.

Another feature of the present invention relates to means for transmitting the program. When the program isl to be transmitted, a transmit button is operated to connect a source of timing pulses to the counter. The counter supplles an indication of elapsed time to a matching clrcuit which matches the rapidly changing elapsed time indication from the counter with the time registered in the rst memory bank. When a match occurs, the selector circuit steps to the next bank of memory components changing the time indication supplied to the matching circuit. During the interval that the time registered in the rst bank of memory components is bemg matched-the items of program information stored in the irst bank are supplied to a converter circuit. The converter changes the coded representation of the program information supplied from the rst bank to an analogue representation thereof. When the selector circuit steps to the second bank the analogue output changes to a representation of the coded information stored in the second bank. The programmer continues in this manner stepping from one bank to the next bank of memory components every time there is a match until the entire program has been transmitted.

A further feature of the present invention pertains to means for providing a program, electromechanically stored, in which the orders can be changed rapidly, for example as often as every tenth of a second.

Further objects and features will become apparent upon consideration of the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

Figs. 1 through 14, when arranged in accordance with Fig. i5, are a detailed circuit representation of the programmer of the present invention wherein:

Fig. 1 illustrates the input circuit of the present invention;

Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate the control circuit of ent invention;

Fig. 4 illustrates the order position translator of the present invention;

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate the counter register and matching circuit of the present invention;

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate the storage circuit of the present invention;

Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate the selector circuit of the present invention;

Fig. 11 illustrates the time setup circuit of the present invention;

Fig. 12 illustratesthe the present invention;

Fig. 13 illustrates the pitch convertor circuitv andthe yaw convertor circuit of the presentv invention; and

Fig. 14 illustrates the output amplifiers andreceiving circuit of the present invention;

Fig. l5 illustrates the arrangement of Figs. ly through 14;

Fig. 16`is a box or functional diagram of theV illustrative embodiment 'of the present invention; and

Fig. 17 illustrates typical programmer output potentials.

The 'irst one or two digits of the component designathe prespitch and yaw` setup circuit of 3 tions indicate the figure of the detailed circuit, shown in Figs. 1-14, when arranged in accordance with Fig. 15, in which the component appears. For example, dial 101 is shown in Fig. 1 of the detailed circuit representation.

GENEM'L DESCRIPTION Referring to Fig. 16, which is a functional diagram of the programmer of the present invention, an input circuit 100 is utilized tovset up a program and control the transmission of the program to a receiving circuit'1402. The program consistsof 38 orders or 38 changes in magnitude of a plurality of output potentials, with changes possible at intervals as small as one-tenth of a second. The output potential for each variableris, therefore, 'a step function, with the magnitude-and duration-of each'step being determined by the programmer. The step functions shown in' Fig. -l7 are-an illustrative program provided by the programmer. Y Y

l In the. illustrativeembodiment-described herein two variables, the pitch and theyaw of a simulated target are utilized. Each orderof the program of- 38 orders includes the pitch, the yaw and the time for terminating the order. The programmer functions toprovide. the pitch-and yaw program, in accordance with a predetermined course of the simulated target, to the receiving circuit 1402. The course may be provided repeatedly or with desired changes in individual orders as is hereinafter described.

The input circuit 100 includes a modified telephone dial 101with which the program information is entered. The dial 101 provides a number of pulses in accordance with the dialed digit: no pulse tor the digit one pulse for the digit l; two pulses for the digit 2; etc. The dial 101 and a console 120, which is utilized as a steering and initiating control board, are connected to a control circuit 200. The console 120 has a plurality of control buttons, not shown in Fig..16, which are manually operated. The console is referred to as being operated when one of its control buttons is operated.

Once a program has been decided upon, the console 120 and dial 101 are operated to store the information in a storage circuit 700. To store the pitch, yaw and time for an order number, the console 120 is operated to ready the control circuit 200. The control circuit 200 connects a four-digit binary decade counter 500 therethrough to Vthe dial 101, and also readies an order position translator In the common representation of numbers, successive digits stand for coefficients of successive powers of 10. Counter 500 -utilizes the binary system in which the coecientsvare either 0 or 1 and are coeicients of successive powers of 2. In both cases, the value of the number is given by the sum of the series of terms involved, as shown in the following illustration:

Decimal Value Each of the decimal numbers 0-9 may be indicated by a four-digit binary number as follows: .1.

number 0000 0001 D ecirnalnumber:

Binary' The binary counter 500 utilizes four binary digits, as illustrated in the above table, in each decade or for each digit dialed at dial 101.

With the translator 400 readied and the counter 500 connected to the dial 101, the programmer is in a recording condition. The two-digit order number, from 0l to 38, is dialed and registered by counter 500. The counter 500 adds the dial pulses and supplies binary digital representations of the two dialed digits to a counter register 501 and to the order position translator 400. The counter register 501 which is also utilized, as is hereinafter described, to provide the pitch and the yaw information to the storage circuit 700, provides a visual indication of the dialed digits.

When the operator has checked the dial accuracy by observing the visual indication provided by register 501, the console 120 is operated to cause the translator 400 to supply a decimal indication of the order number to a selector circuit 900 and to the control circuit v200. rl`he circuits 900 and 200, which have an order position for each order number, are set in accordance with the order number designation. VA portion, or bank, of the storage circuit 700 is associated with each order position of the selector circuit900. The selector circuit 900, in this manner, connects a bank of the storage circuit 700, which corresponds to the dialed order number, to a pitch and yaw setup circuit 1200 and to a time setup circuit 1100. The selector circuit 900 locks at the dialed order position, and when console 120 is released the circuit 200 and counter 500 are returned to normal. The dial 101 is thereafter utilized to dial the time, pitch and yaw information for the respective order position. The dialed information is supplied upon operation of the console 120 from the counter 500 through the counter register 501,

Aand either the circuit 1200 or circuit 1100, through selector circuit 900 to the storage circuit 700. Depending on whether the time, pitch or yaw is dialed, buttons, not shown in Fig. '16, in console 120 are operated to operate Veither circuit 1100 or circuit 1200 to establish the connection from register 501 to circuit 700. After the operation of console 120 to store an item of information in circuit 700, its release resets circuit 200, counter S00 Vand register 501, but circuit 900 remains locked at its set Yorder position. After the time, pitch and yaw have been stored for the order position, the console 120 is operated to reset circuit 900 under control of circuit 200. The storage circuit V700, which locks in the time, pitch and yaw information, is not affected when the register 501 or circuit 900 is reset. Each of the 38 orders is set up in this manner with rst theV order number being dialed tol setY the selector circuit'900 and thereafter the time, pitch and yaw information dialed to the portion, or bank, of the storage circuit 700 selected by circuit 900.

The time, pitch and yaw stored for any order number maybe readily changed by first setting circuit 900 at the Vdesired order position and then operating console 120. The console 120 may be operated to provide an erase signal through lead 151 and the set selector circuit 900 to unlock theV portion of the storage circuit 700 associated with the order position. After the time, pitch and yaw have been erased, the new time, pitch and yaw may be entered in arnanner ,described above.

j When' theY program is to be transmitted the console 120 is operated to set the circuit 200 in a transmit condition. The circuit 200 connects the pulse generator through Vthe control circuit 200 to the counter 500, serially arranges the four decades of counter 500, and .providesa ready signal .to circuit 1402. When the decadesof the counter 500 are serially arranged, it can count up to 3999. In the illustrative embodiment of the present invention vthe maximum duration of the 38 order fprograms'is 3999 yseconds or 6 minutes and 39.9 seconds `since, the pulse generator 116 supplies ten pulses per second. When the circuit 1402 is readied, the pitch and vA complete program consists order position lare supplied set at its first order position, to

yaw stored in circuit '700 for through the circuit 900,

`the pitch converter circuit 1300 and the yaw converter During the time that the first order number, pitch and yaw are supplied to circuit 1402 the counter 500 provides a binary representation of the elapsed time to the counter register 501 which, in turn, supplies it to a matching circuit 600. The matching circuit 600 also receives the binary coded representation of the time registered for the first order number from storage circuit 700. This latter information is supplied to circuit 600 through the normal time setup circuit 1100 and the circuit 900. When a match occurs between the two sets of information supplied to circuit 600, it provides a stepping signal to the control circuit 200 and to the selector circuit 900 causing them to step to the next order position. The cir- `cuit 200 provides a locking potential to circuit 900, maintaining it locked at each step until circuit 200 is stepped. When the circuit 900 is stepped to the next or second order position, the time information supplied from the storage circuit 700 to the matching circuit 600 changes. The time now supplied to the circuit 600 is the time for ending the second order number instead of that for ending the first order. When the circuit 900 is stepped the pitch and yaw output potentials also change to provide thereby two step functions to circuit 1402.

In a similar manner the order numbers 3-38 are transmitted, with the pitch and yaw changing for each order number under control of the program stored in thev c'ircuit 700. When the thirty-eighth order has been transmitted and circuits 200 and 900 stepped again, the control. circuit 200 releases to end the transmission of the program to circuit 1402. If the program is to be retransmitted, the console 120 may be operated to reset circuits 900 and 501, and counter 500, to return the circuit 200 to the transmit condition.

Further functions will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figs. l14, when arranged in accordance with Fig. 15, are a detailed circuit representation of an illustrative embodiment of the programmer of the present invention. The programmer provides to a receiving circuit 1402 a program of orders which are in the form of a plurality of step functions. The duration, magnitude and polarity of each step are controlled or determined by the programmer. The receiving circuit 1402 may be any sort of apparatus suitable for receiving variable output po t'entials, or step functions, from the programmer.

The programmer is controlled or operated by an input circuit i) which includes the dial 101 and the console 120. The console 120 includes eleven control buttons 102 through 112 'which are utilized together with the dial 101 to set up and to control the transmission of the pro-gram orders tothe circuit 1402.

in the illustrative embodiment described herein the variables are the yaw and the pitch of a simulated target. of 38 orders or 38 automatic changes in pitch and yaw, with changes possible at intervals as small as one-tenth of a second.

Once a program has been decided upon, a sequence of operations is followedfto set up or store the 38 orders ina storage circuit 700. Each ofthe 38 orders includes the'magnitude of the pitch and thefyaw and the time'for :terminating the order orfor changing the pitchV and yaw magnitudes The following' is an illustrative example of a portion of a program shown in Fig. 17, which is provided to the circuit 1402: The time is in seconds and the pitch and yaw are in gs or are multiples of thev acceleration of gravity.

The sequence of operations, hereinafter described in detail, to set up one of the 38 orders, is as follows:

(1) Record button 102 is operated;

(2) The order number is dialed;

(3) The order set button 106 is operated;

(4) The time is dialed;

(5) The time button 107 is operated;

(6) The pitch magnitude is dialed;

(7 )The plus pitch button 111 or the minus pitch button 110 is operated;

(8) The magnitude of the yaw is dialed;

(9) The plus yaw button 109 or the minus yaw button 108 is operated; and

(10) The programmer reset button 104 is operated.

Each of the steps in the above sequence for setting up an order is described in detail.

(l) Record button 1.02 is operated Before the record button 102 in console 120 is operated it is necessary to operate a switch 118 to connect the 17A-volt potential source 117 to one yof the terminals of the record button 102. Once the switch 118 is closed it remains closed for the duration of the utilization of the programmer and is only returned to normal, disconnecting battery 117, when the programmer is not utilized.

When the record button 102 is operated, it connects the battery 117 through switch 118, to the control circuit 200 to set the control circuit 200 to a condition for recording or setting up an order. The control circuit 200 includes a plurality of relays 201 through 212 and 301 through 304 and a stepping yswitch 310. The switch 310 is an eight-bank stepping switch, only seven, 1-7, of which are shown, with each of the banks having 20 contacts and a contact brush, The eight brushes of switch 310 are stepped in unison under control of the stepping magnet 311 whenever the stepping magnet 311 is deenergized.

When the record button 102 is operated the relays 203, 204, 205,209, 302 and 304 in the control circuit 200 are operated. Battery 117 is connected through switch 118 and the operated record button v102 to the winding of relays 203, 204 and 302 and through the normal armature 1 of relay 205 to the winding thereof. The record button 102 also connects battery 117 through the normal contacter of the order set button 106 and the normal contactor of the dial reset button to the windings of vrelays 209 and 304. Each of the operated relaysv 203-5, 209, 302 and 304 in the control circuit 200 performs a function in readying the programmer for recording an order.

Relay Y203A connects the input terminals A of the counter 500 to the-contacts of thebank 1 of the'stepping switch .310.. The-counter 500- is a four-digit counter ,having a hundreds, a tens, a units and a tenths section yor decade. vThe hundreds section has-two stages and each of the other sections have four stages. Each of the stages is essentially a bistable device which indicates one of two conditions. Such counters are well known pin the art exemplified by the Patent 2,583,102, which issued to W. H. T. Holden on January 22, 1952, and the article on a four-tube counter decade by John T.

Potter on page r110 of .Electronics, June 1944. The

'tens sections also to an order position translator V400.

Each of -the counter sectionsincluides an input terminal A Vand a connect terminal VBf'l'he terminals A are connected through cablef214tothe armatures 1-4 of 'relay 203 and the terminals B are connected through cable 214 to the back contacts of armatures 1-4 of relay 203. When relay 203 is normal, terminal B of the tenths section is connected to the terminal A of the units section; terminal B of the units section is connected to the terminal A of the tens section; etc. With relay 203 normal, the sections of counter 500 are, in this manner, serially connected, so that at the count of ten by a section it provides an input pulse to the next section. When the tenths section, for example, counts to ten a pulse is provided to the units section. Relay 203 r`is normal, as is hereinafter described, when a program is being supplied by the programmer to the receiving circuit 1402. With relay 203 normal and pulses provided to the input terminal A of the tenths section, the counter 500 can count up to 3999.

When relayY 203 is'operated by the record button 102, the four sections of counter 500 are disconnected and are individually controlled by the dial 201. Terminals A of the four sections of counter 500 are connected, respectively, through cable 214, the operated armatures 1-4 of relay 203, and cable 213 to the contacts 0-3 of bank 1 of the stepping switch 310. The brush of bank 1 of switch 310 is connected through lead 122 to the contacts of armature 1 of dial 101, which is hereinafter described in detail. Bank 1 of switch 310 is utilized to steer the dial pulses, upon the operation of dial 101, lirst to the hundreds section of counter 500, then upon the second operation of dial 101 to the tens section, etc.

Relay 204 which operates upon the operation of the record button 102 is the record lockup relay. When relay 204 operates it locks to battery 117 through its operated armature 2, the normal contactor of the program reset button 104 and switch 118. Relay 204 also readies the order position translator 400 by connecting ground through its operated armature 3 thereto. The

ground connection is provided to one side of the windings of each of six relays 401-6 in the translator 400. The other side of the windings of the relays 401-6 are connected, respectively, to the output terminals 1 and 2 of the hundreds section and output terminals 1, 2, 4 and 8 of the tens section of counter 500. The order position translator 400 is, in this manner, readied by the control circuit 200 and operated, as is hereinafter described, under control of the counter 500. The order` position translator 400 functions, as is also hereinafter described, when the order set button 106 is operated, to provide a decimal indication of the dialed order number to the selector circuit 900.

v Relay 205, which is operated by button 102, provides .an indication that the battery 117 has been connected to ,the control circuit 200, and locks through the contacts of its operated armature 1 to battery 117. When relay 1205operates,i tremoves the battery 117 from a power- .A ont lamp 114 and lconnects it through-its operated arma- ,tur'e' 2 to ys power-onl lamp 113. A temporary .interruption of the A24-volt supply source 117, which is equivalent to opening switch 118, will cause relay 205 to release extinguishing lamp 113 and reenergizing lamp 114 to provide an indication of the interruption. The information which is stored in the programmer would then Yarmature 4, the normal armature 3 of relay 207, the

normal armature of the stepping magnet 310, the normal armature 3 of dial 101 and lead 312 to the winding of the stepping magnet 311. When the stepping magnet 311 operates, it opens its operating path through its armature causing it to release and reestablish its operating path. The stepping switch 310 steps, in this manner, each time the stepping magnet 311 releases until it reaches contacts 19. When the stepping switch 310 reaches contacts 19,the winding of relay 201 is connected through contact 19 of bank 7 of the switch 310, the normal armature 2 of relay 202, the serially connected normal armatures 1 of relays 1203 and 1201 in the pitch and yaw setup circuit 1200, the normal armature 1 of relay 1101 in the time setup circuit 1100, the normal button 105, the normal button 10d, the operated record button 102 and the closed switch 118 to the battery 117.

When relay 201 operates, it connects the battery 117 through the closed switch 118,` the operated button 102 and the operated armature 2 of relay 201 to the winding of relay 202 causing it to operate. Relay 201 also resets the counter 500. Relay 201 resets the counter 500 by providing a Vshort circuit through its operated armature 1 across the reset terminals R of counter 500. The duration of the short-circuit connection is brief since, as is hereinafter described, relay 201 releases upon the operation of relay 202. When relay 202 operates, it opens the operating path through its armature 2 for relay 201 causing'it to release. Relay 202 also locks over a path through the contacts associated with its operated armature 2 to the battery 117, and releases at its armature 1 relays 209 and 304. The locking path for relay 202 is through the contacts associated with its operated armature 2, the serially connected normal armature 1 of relays 1203, 1201 and 1101, the normal buttons and 106, the operated armature 2 of relay 204, the normal button 104 and switch 118 to battery 117. When relay 209 releases, it releases at its armature 4 the stepping magnet 311 which causes the switch 310 to step to its home or 0 contact position.

Relay 304, which is operated upon the operation of the record button 102, is a programmer reset relay 304 which is also operated during step (l0), mentioned above, of the recording sequence, upon the operation of the reset button 104. The programmer reset relay 304 does not perform any function at this time, when the record button 102 is operated, except to provide a momentary short circuit through its operated armature 2 across the reset terminals R-of the counter 500. The contacts associated with armature 2 of relay 304 are make-before-break contacts so that a connection is momentarily provided through the armature 2 before it completes its operation. The counter 500 is reset, as described above` also under control of the relay 201.

Relay 302, which is operated upon the operation of the record button 102, provides ground through its oper- ,ated armatures 2 and 3, respectively, to the windings-'of 

